History
Over 180 Years at Work
The Michigan Geological Survey (MGS) has a rich history dating back to 1837 when it was established by the state legislature, making it the first independent state agency of its kind in the United States. The survey’s creation came shortly after Michigan gained statehood. At its inception, the legislature allocated funding for a finite period with specific objectives to be achieved and reports to be submitted.
During its early years, the MGS focused on fundamental geologic mapping, primarily in the Upper Peninsula, where significant ore deposits had been discovered. This mapping aimed to understand the geological structure of the region and identify valuable mineral resources. As the 20th century began, the survey transitioned into a more permanent state government institution dedicated to geological research and resource evaluation. In 1921, it became part of the newly formed Department of Conservation, consolidating its position within the state’s governmental framework.
The MGS’s activities underwent significant changes with the advent of commercial oil production. The survey experienced rapid growth and began assuming a regulatory role in overseeing oil, gas, and mineral extraction. Over time, the focus on regulatory functions became prominent, gradually reducing the survey’s emphasis on applied research and resource assessment, which had been integral to its original purpose.
From State Government to Academic Institution
Since its establishment in 1921, the MGS had been housed in various state departments, including its most recent location within the Department of Environmental Quality. In 2009, State Geologist Hal Fitch recognized the need to reinvigorate the survey’s applied research, mapping, and natural resource assessment functions. To achieve this, he proposed transferring these vital responsibilities to Western Michigan University (WMU).
WMU was selected for the administrative transfer due to several factors. The university possessed extensive collections of core samples and other geological materials in the Michigan Geological Repository for Research and Education. It also had a long-standing history of providing data and research services to the oil and gas industry. Additionally, WMU had collaborated for many years with the Department of Environmental Quality on geological mapping projects.
Through the collaborative efforts of WMU’s administration, the Department of Geological and Environmental Sciences, industry members, and governmental agencies, legislation was proposed to effect the transfer of these functions. State Senator Tonya Schuitmaker drafted the final bill, which received support from Representatives Margaret O’Brien and Sean McCann. In October 2011, Governor Rick Snyder signed State Bill 507 into law, formally bringing the Michigan Geological Survey under the administration of Western Michigan University.
This transition to WMU has provided the MGS with numerous benefits. The survey now has access to additional resources and infrastructure available within the university. This includes state-of-the-art research facilities, laboratories, and expertise in various fields of geoscience. Furthermore, the collaboration fosters a vibrant environment for applied research, mapping, and natural resource assessment, enabling the MGS to continue its mission of promoting responsible geological resource utilization and sustainable development under the guidance of John A. Yellich, who assumed the role of director in 2013.
